HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY EXAM-BEST EXAM PACK FOR 2022 EXAM REVIEW

HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY EXAM PACK- BEST COMBINED REAL-LIFE TESTS- IDEAL FOR 2022 REVIEW HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY EXAM PACK-BEST COMBINED REAL-LIFE TESTS-IDEAL FOR 2022 REVIEW: 1) A nurse is tending to a patient with hyperparathyroidism and observes that the patient’s serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed for the patient? 1. Calcium chloride 2. Calcium gluconate 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) 4. High doses of vitamin D 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) Explanation: The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This patient is facing hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatment of tetany, which arises due to acute hypocalcemia. In cases of hypercalcemia, it is advisable to avoid high doses of vitamin D. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium concentration. 2.) Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse advises the mother to administer the iron with which optimal food item? 1. Milk 2. Water 3. Apple juice 4. Orange juice 4. Orange juice Explanation: Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice high in vitamin C. Milk could impact the absorption of iron. Water will not aid in absorption. Orange juice contains a higher amount of vitamin C than apple juice. 3.) Salicylic acid is recommended for a patient with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the patient and notes that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this medication? 1. Tinnitus 2. Diarrhea 3. Constipation 4. Decreased respiration 1. Tinnitus Explanation: Salicylic acid is readily absorbed through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) may occur. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperventilation, and mental disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism. 4.) The camp nurse reminds the children preparing to swim in the lake to have applied sunscreen. The nurse emphasizes to the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied: 1. Immediately before swimming 2. 15 minutes before sun exposure 3. Immediately before sun exposure 4. At least 30 minutes before sun exposure 4. At least 30 minutes before sun exposure Explanation: Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before sun exposure to ensure they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or sweating. 5.) Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for a patient with a burn injury. When applying the medication, the patient complains of local discomfort and burning. What would be the most appropriate nursing action? 1. Notifying the registered nurse 2. Discontinuing the medication 3. Informing the patient that this is normal 4. Applying a thinner layer than prescribed to the burn site 3. Informing the patient that this is normal Explanation: Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and is used to treat burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissues. The patient should be informed that the medication will cause local discomfort and burning, and this is a normal reaction; hence options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect. 6.) The burn patient is undergoing treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of injury. The nurse observes the patient and acknowledges that which of the following indicates that a systemic effect has occurred? 1.Hyperventilation 2.Elevated blood pressure 3.Local pain at the burn site 4.Local rash at the burn site 1.Hyperventilation Explanation: Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can inhibit renal excretion of acid, causing acidosis. Patients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be paused for 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe localized rather than systemic effects. An increase in blood pressure may be expected due to the pain associated with a burn injury. 7.) Isotretinoin is prescribed for a patient with severe acne. Before the administration of this medication, the nurse predicts that which laboratory test will be ordered? 1. Platelet count 2. Triglyceride level 3. Complete blood count 4. White blood cell count 2. Triglyceride level Explanation: Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should be evaluated before treatment and periodically thereafter until the impact on triglycerides has been assessed. Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be specifically monitored during this treatment. 8.) A patient with severe acne is seen in the clinic, and the healthcare provider (HCP) prescribes isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the patient’s medication record and would contact the (HCP) if the patient is taking which medication? 1. Vitamin A 2. Digoxin (Lanoxin) 3. Furosemide (Lasix) 4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) 1. Vitamin A Explanation: Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can increase isotretinoin toxicity. To prevent potential increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements should be ceased before isotretinoin treatment. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not contraindicated with the use of isotretinoin. 9.) The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a patient with eczema. The nurse would watch for the potential of increased systemic absorption of the medication if the medication were being applied to which of the following body regions? 1. Back 2. Axilla 3. Soles of the feet 4. Palms of the hands 2. Axilla Explanation: Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from regions where the skin is particularly permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia) and lower from areas where permeability is poor (back, palms, soles). 10.) The clinic nurse is conducting an admission assessment on a patient. The nurse observes that the patient is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Due to the medication prescription, the nurse would suspect that the patient is being treated for: 1. Acne 2. Eczema 3. Hair loss 4. Herpes simplex 1. Acne Explanation: Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. The acid is believed to work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and reducing the proliferation of keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect. 11.) The healthcare provider has prescribed silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for the patient with a partial-thickness burn, which has cultured positive for gram-negative bacteria. The nurse is providing information to the patient about the medication. Which statement made by the patient indicates a lack of understanding about the treatments? 1.