ISBN-13
978-0323083300
Universally acknowledged as the primary work bench reference for operating microbiologists and a high-quality textual content for students in clinical laboratory science programs, Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 13th Edition will aid you in building and refining the proficiencies required for efficient laboratory testing. Profound data is conveniently accessible, featuring step-by-step directives for all procedures. This edition integrates over 20 NEW chapters and revised material on the most recent advancements and contemporary developments in clinical microbiology. Penned by seasoned scholar Patricia Tille, this classic manual delves into the topics and concerns most pertinent to your career functions.
- Interactive hands-on steps comprise detailed procedural guidelines, full-color images, and anticipated outcomes, facilitating the attainment of more precise results.
- Scenario-based analyses offer opportunities to utilize your expertise in diverse diagnostic settings, enhancing your decision-making and analytical capabilities.
- Genera and Species Consideration sections spotlight all the organisms discussed in each chapter, detailing the current species name alongside any previous designations.
- Student resources on Evolve augment your learning experience with review inquiries and procedures.
- Convenient, easy-to-comprehend charts summarize crucial data.
- Elaborate, full-color diagrams aid comprehension and facilitate conceptual visualization.
- An index of terms is located at the back of the e-book for swift reference.
- FRESH! Chapter commencement objectives provide a benchmark achievement to strive for upon completing the content.
- FRESH! Evaluation queries on the Evolve online partner platform are aligned with learning objectives, enriching your grasp and retention of chapter substance.
- Upgraded, reader-friendly sections encompass groups of synonymous organisms rather than singularly addressing , incorporating the parasitology, mycology, and virology sections.
Chapter 11: Guiding Principles of Antimicrobial Function and Resistance
Examination Resource
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Antibacterial agents that impede bacterial growth but typically do not eliminate the organism are commonly referred to as:
a. bactericidal.
b. antibiotic.
c. bacteriostatic.
d. antagonistic.
ANS: C
Bacteriostatic signifies the hindrance of bacterial growth, while bactericidal signifies killing bacterial growth.
REF: 152 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
2. Antimicrobial agents that usually eradicate target organisms are described as:
a. bactericidal.
b. antibiotic.
c. bacteriostatic.
d. antagonistic.
ANS: A
Bactericidal means terminating bacterial growth, whereas Bacteriostatic means the hindrance of bacterial growth.
REF: 152 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
3. Antimicrobial resistance stemming from the inherent genetic, structural, or physiologic condition of a microorganism is labeled ________ resistance.
a. innate
b. intrinsic
c. microorganism-mediated
d. clinical
ANS: A
Innate resistance is considered an inherent and consistently inherited attribute linked to the vast majority of strains characterizing a specific bacterial community, genus, or species.
REF: 160 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
4. Antibiotic resistance arising from modified cellular physiologic structure induced by alterations in a microorganism’s standard genetic composition is termed __________ resistance.
a. innate
b. inherent
c. acquired
d. environmentally mediated
ANS: C
Acquired-resistance mechanisms are entirely genetically encoded; hence the avenues for acquisition are those facilitating gene manipulation or exchange. Resistance may be acquired through genetic mutation, gene-exchange mechanisms, or a blend of mutational and gene-exchange occurrences.
REF: 160 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
5. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive organism that produces the enzyme beta-lactamase, rendering specific types of antibiotics ineffective. The mechanism of action thwarted in particular antibiotics sensitive to this enzyme is:
a. cell wall synthesis.
b. protein synthesis to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
c. protein synthesis to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
d. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.
ANS: A
Beta-lactamases disrupt the beta-lactam ring of the medication, and the altered structure prevents subsequent effective binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enabling cell wall synthesis to proceed.
REF: 161 OBJ: Level: Application
6. The process of acquired, high-level resistance to vancomycin involves:
a. enzymatic degradation of the antibiotic.
b. modified antibiotic targets.
c. reduced intracellular absorption of the drug.
d. production of altered cell wall precursors unable to bind the antibiotic sufficiently.
ANS: D
The mechanism encompasses modified cell wall precursors incapable of binding vancomycin with adequate affinity to permit the inhibition of peptidoglycan-synthesizing enzymes. The transformed targets are swiftly integrated into the cell wall, allowing synthesis to proceed as usual.
REF: 163 OBJ: Level: Knowledge
7. Mycoplasmas are cell wall-deficient organisms. Which antimicrobial agents would be ineffective in treating infections involving this bacterium?
a. Tetracycline
b. Aminoglycosides
c. Penicillin
d. Rifampin
ANS: C
Penicillin, among others, is an antibiotic acting by binding the enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis. Since mycoplasmas lack cell walls, these types of antibiotics are generally ineffective.
REF: 156 OBJ: Level: Application
8. Klebsiella spp. were isolated from a sputum specimen, and susceptibility testing was conducted. The isolates were susceptible to multiple antibiotics; however, they were resistant to ampicillin. Which of the following statements clarifies this incongruity?
a. The ampicillin disk is possibly expired.
b. As Klebsiella spp. should be susceptible to ampicillin, a technical oversight is likely.
c. Ampicillin obstructs cell wall synthesis. Furthermore, since Klebsiella spp. lack a cell wall, they were not evaluated for ampicillin.
d. No discrepancy exists; Klebsiella spp. are commonly resistant to ampicillin.
ANS: D
Klebsiella spp. typically display resistance due to intrinsic factors.
REF: 160 OBJ: Level: Problem Solving
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