Understanding Pharmacology Essentials for Medication Safety 2nd Edition by M. Linda Workman Test Bank

Test Bank For Grasping Pharmacology Fundamentals for Medication Safety 2nd Version by M. Linda Workman

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   9781455739769
2. ISBN-13

   978-1455739769
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   ISBN-10: 1455739766

   ISBN-13: 9781455739769 978-1455739769

   Chapter 03: Calculation of Arithmetic and Introduction to Dosage
   Workman & LaCharity: Grasping Pharmacology: Fundamentals for Medication Safety, 2nd Version

   MULTIPLE CHOICE

   1. What is a crucial aspect to consider when utilizing a calculator for drug dosages?
   a. Always consult with a pharmacist for guidance.
   b. Ensure correct order of number entry.
   c. Solve manually first followed by cross-checking with the calculator.
   d. Calculate with the calculator first, then cross-check manually.
   ANS: B
   Remember to input numbers into the calculator exactly as they are written or spoken. For example, 24 ? 12 should be entered as 2, 4, ?, 1, 2 = answer. Inputting the numbers in reverse order will yield an incorrect result.

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 46

   2. How would you define a fraction accurately?
   a. A segment of a whole number achieved by dividing one number by a larger number.
   b. The result when dividing one number by another is always an integer.
   c. The smallest unit or portion of a number obtained by dividing one number by itself.
   d. The intermediate value between integers and fractional parts in a decimal system based on units of ten.
   ANS: A
   A fraction typically represents a portion of a whole number. A proper fraction will always be less than a single whole number.

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 46

   3. In the equation 2X = , which component is the numerator?
   a. 2
   b. 4
   c. 6
   d. X
   ANS: B
   The numerator in a fraction is usually the top number that will be divided by the bottom number (denominator).

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 46

   4. What does the “N” signify in the PINCH high alert medications?
   a. Narcotics
   b. Niacin
   c. Naphthalene
   d. Neurotransmitter
   ANS: A
   The PINCH acronym for high alert drugs stands for potassium, insulin, narcotics (commonly opioids), cancer chemotherapy drugs, and heparin or any other drug that strongly impacts clotting. Niacin is a vitamin. Naphthalene is a toxic natural compound not used in medications. Neurotransmitter pertains to a class of biological chemicals regulating nerve impulses.

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 46

   5. Which term is used to describe the lower number in a fraction?
   a. Denominator
   b. Subtractor
   c. Numerator
   d. Dividend
   ANS: A
   The top part of a fraction is the numerator, while the bottom is the denominator.

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 46

   6. What statement about an improper fraction holds true?
   a. It will always exceed 1.
   b. It lacks a least common denominator.
   c. It cannot be multiplied or divided by another fraction.
   d. It can only be multiplied or divided by a whole number.
   ANS: A
   An improper fraction features a numerator greater than the denominator. Hence, the improper fraction value always exceeds 1.

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 47

   7. The symbol “%” corresponds to which value?
   a. 5
   b. 10
   c. 50
   d. 100
   ANS: D
   The representation of a number in relation to 100; “that is, for every hundred.”

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 53

   8. What initial step is essential in dividing two fractions?
   a. Confirming both numbers are proper fractions
   b. Converting the numerators to their lowest common value
   c. Converting the denominators to their lowest common value
   d. Inverting the second fraction and multiplying the numerators separately from the denominators
   ANS: D
   Dividing fractions mirrors the process of multiplying fractions. The only distinction is initially inverting the second fraction (exchanging the numerator and denominator positions).

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: pp. 49-50

   9. Which statement about the correlation between fractions and decimals is accurate?
   a. A fraction can be depicted as a decimal but not vice versa.
   b. A decimal can be represented as a fraction but not reciprocally.
   c. All fractions can be showcased as decimals and all decimals as fractions.
   d. Fractions can solely be exhibited as decimals if they are proper fractions.
   ANS: C
   Decimals and fractions bear a close relationship as both portray portions of a whole. All fractions, whether proper or improper, can be precisely represented as equivalent decimals. Similarly, all decimals can precisely be expressed as fractions.

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 50

   10. Which dosage format should be avoided?
   a. 0.25 mg
   b. 2.5 mg
   c. 2.500 mg
   d. 25 mg
   ANS: C
   The zeros following a decimal point are redundant and termed “trailing zeros.” When included in a dosage, they may lead to confusion concerning the precise dose.

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Remembering REF: p. 50

   11. What specific safety measure is consistently practiced when calculating an insulin dosage?
   a. Reliance on a calculator rather than manual computation.
   b. Manual calculation without any calculator usage.
   c. Double check the dose with another healthcare professional.
   d. Wear sterile gloves for handling the calculated dose.
   ANS: C
   Insulin falls under the high alert (PINCH) medications category and incorrect dosing can have serious repercussions. Always engage another healthcare professional to verify the independently recalculated dose against your computed one.

   DIF: Cognitive Stage: Understanding REF: p. 46

   12. Which fraction represents the whole number 10?